The Challenge of Description in Woolfs The Waves and Joyces Ulysses. - Literature Essay Samples

The great aim is accurate, precise and definite description. The first thing is to recognise how extraordinarily difficult this is.’ (T.E. Hulme). In the works The Waves (1931) and Ulysses (first published in 1922), Woolf and Joyce both use the freedom of form in the Modernist movement to attempt ‘accurate, precise and definite description’ of their characters’ thought processes. The differences between the authors, however, shape how they approach the struggle of empathetically capturing their character’s processes of thought, and how their characters themselves regard the possibility of truly understanding each other’s perspectives. Woolf famously rejected Ulysses from the Hogarth Press and called it ‘underbred’, but she also acknowledged that it was ‘an attempt to get thinking into literature’, which she admired; so in her more experimental novels like The Waves and Mrs Dalloway she engaged with the process of capturing thought but structured them with consistent third-person narration to bridge the gap of easy comprehension for the reader. So in The Waves, Woolf al ternates between six perspectives through their entire lifetimes but maintains her lyrical observational writing style throughout and makes it clear for the reader who is speaking and what events are occurring; in almost direct opposition, Joyce writes primarily about the journey of his single protagonist over the course of one ordinary day, but in dramatically conflicting writing styles and with different perspectives introduced without explanation. The former allows for nuance between each interpretation of the events but due to the maintained style emphasizes the similarity in the characters’ lives and their descriptions overall, whereas the latter has moments of connection like that of Leopold Bloom and Stephen Daedalus, but primarily echoes the busy confusion of the novel’s Dublin itself through the variety of characters and the characters’ perceptions are fundamentally so dissimilar in style that Joyce ultimately emphasizes their inability for perfect comm unication to a greater extent. During a conversation about Shakespeare, the character of Stephen Daedalus demonstrates the difficulty of recreating another person’s experience through words alone, by saying: ‘Every life is many days, day after day. We walk through ourselves, meeting robbers, ghosts, giants, old men, young men, wives, widows, brothers-in-love. But always meeting ourselves.’ Our own perspective always warps our surroundings, emphasizing anything applicable to our life and discarding that which is not, as well as projecting our priorities and identity onto others. While this phrase may initially seem to promote empathy, as even in this diverse list we are ‘always meeting ourselves’ and thus would connect in some way, in reality it portrays the limits of self-description. The vastly diverse lives of this list (exaggerated by the inclusion of ‘ghosts’ and ‘giants’) cannot truly be conveyed because the mind will only reduce their descriptions un til it discovers a reflection of itself, as conveyed thematically by Daedalus’ discussion of Hamlet existing as the ghost himself (he cannot fully see something as different as another plane of existence, in Daedalus’ opinion, he is only perceiving a lesser version of himself). In The Waves, the language-orientated aspiring writer Bernard, to whom Woolf gives the final summary of the novel, seems to recognize how ‘extraordinarily difficult’ true communication is. He agonizes over the wording of a love letter, saying ‘I must give her the impression that though he for this is not myself is writing in such a slapdash way, there is some subtle suggestion of intimacy and respect. I must allude to talks we have had together – bring back some remembered scene. But I must seem to her (this is very important) to be passing from thing to thing with the greatest ease in the world†¦ It is the speed, the hot, molten effect, the larval flow of sentence into sequence that I need.’ He never actually writes the letter, as he cannot find the perfect words. The specific difficulty expressed here is that of conveying a natural, unpretentious, even rushed writing style while in reality planning every word carefully; constructing heightene d realism (like that of the final chapter ‘Penelope’ in Ulysses) through a fictional persona. Bernard is a fervent believer in the ability to connect through words, but fails on occasions like this to choose them (also exhibited when he stops entertaining with an imagined description of a schoolteacher, saying ‘stories that follow people into their private rooms are difficult. I cannot go on with this story.’) Perfect description is not possible for him, as he realizes at the end metaphorically catching only ‘six little fish’ out of a million, precisely because he is only one perspective. ‘Penelope’, the final chapter of Ulysses, presents the perspective of Leopold Bloom’s wife, Molly. Although her adultery has been the subject of Bloom’s thoughts, this final monologue is the first true example of her voice, and in a novel purposefully guided by thought rather than plot, it is arguably the apotheosis of Joyce’s ‘stream-of-consciousness’ method. The flowing nature of this chapter is aided by the lack of any third person narrator or direct speech from Bloom (although we know he is in bed as well within the narrative); as though to counter the outside perspectives of Bloom and other men (the unconstrained structure also contrasts the strictly binary chapter before, ‘Ithaca’.) She contradicts Bloom’s perspective as the wronged husband through phrases like ‘it’s all his own fault if I am an adulteress’ and ‘living with him so cold never embracing me’, heightening the reality of the overall novel even as Bloom’s narrative is called into question, by admitting that even the protagonist would be unable to see his own flaws. Although Bloom is largely portrayed as an empathetic man, especially towards women as demonstrated by his imagination of the birth in ‘Oxen of the Wind’ (‘kill me that would’) and Molly’s admission in ‘Penelope’ (‘yes that was why I liked him because I saw he understood or felt what a woman is,’) his understanding of his own wife is limited, as hinted at by her mysteriously observing that ‘he thinks nothing can happen without him knowing he hadnt an idea about my mother’. Joyce does not reveal the actual secret to the reader here, instead leaving it an unfinished thought as though to more closely mimic the process of a mind recoiling from an unpleasant or hidden memory. The prose in this section appears lifelike and unplanned through colloquialisms, and repetitions of phrases or interjections like ‘O’, ‘O Lord’, and ‘yes’. The framing of it as never punctuated and wandering from thought to thought based on connections between words again heightens the reality. Molly’s simple, practical and relatively uneducated character is brought into vivid focus through anti-intellectual statements like her tirade against atheists: ‘as for them saying theres no God I wouldnt give a snap of my two fingers for all their learning why dont they go and create something’. She also remembers the doctor asking about ‘omissions’ when he probably meant ‘emissions’, and has to stop to break up the spelling of ‘precipitancy’ as ‘he could twist how he liked not acting with precipat precip itancy’: Joyce lets these mistakes remain uncorrected to fully immerse the read er into this character’s inner thoughts. Feminist critics have objected to this male imitation of a female perspective as, unlike the section ‘Nausicaa’ in which Gerty’s thoughts are heavily implied to be the projected fantasies of Bloom, Joyce does truly present this as Molly’s most truthful, uncensored inner life. The preoccupation with men and her desirability has therefore led critics like Mary Ellman to accuse Joyce of ‘feminine stereotypes’. However, as Heather Cook Callow states, this example of a female voice does contradict the male ones at the very end of the book as though in an attempt to question the male consensus opinion through structure, similar to Joyce’s questioning of traditional depictions of inner lives through a structure of conflicting writing styles. The relatively mundane thoughts that occupy her mind, like planning for tomorrow’s chores and remembering the events of the day, are expressed in such a way that she is the most intuitively described perspective in the novel, and her memory of their proposal ends the novel with one of its most-quoted phrases: ‘and then he asked me would I yes to say yes my mountain flower and first I put my arms around him yes and drew him down to me so he could feel my breasts all perfume yes and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.’ Molly may embody some stereotypes but her perspective leads to the most vivid description of the entire text. The form that Woolf uses in The Waves presents a more precise description of how people realistically perceive events by presenting a multi-faceted perspective. This is compared by Bernard in the final summary to a ‘symphony’, as the individual voices complete nuances that a single perspective cannot fulfill and create ‘the effect of the whole’ (this is perhaps the most significant metaphor in the novel: as Clements remarks, Woolf uses music in some of her most resonant moments, like the singing old woman in Mrs Dalloway or the musical waifs inhabiting the house in To the Lighthouse.) The similarity between the speakers’ voices, and what they notice, means that one character in a monologue may recreate the experience of another. Rhoda’s despair about figures when they are younger, for example, is expressed in this lament: ‘Look, the loop of the figure is beginning to fill with time; it holds the world in it. I begin to draw a figure and t he world is looped in it, and I myself am outside the loop; which I now join – so – and seal up, and make entire. The world is entire, and I am outside of it, crying ‘Oh save me, from being blown forever outside the loop of time!’ There are clear similarities within Louis’ reconstruction of her within the scene: ‘Her shoulderblades meet across her back like the wings of a small butterfly. And as she stares at the chalk figures, her mind lodges in those white circles; it steps through those white loops into emptiness, alone.’ Although this passage begins with the clear reminder that he is sat behind her, apart and without even a view of her face, to remind the reader that this writing is now from a shifted perspective, Louis is so sensitive to her state of mind that the description of their thoughts use the same imagery. Richardson argues that instances of this are numerous within the novel, and that they demonstrate that Woolf is ‘creating a fictive world within a fictive world.’ The reader is listening to a character describing another character’s emotions in passages such as this, and so the self-consciousness of description within the novel is heightened. There is an inherent irony to the image too of course, as Louis is describing how lonely she is while experiencing so close a connection that his description is perfect, although within the narrative he does not know it. The contrast between the two novels’ attempts at perfect description of thought lies in their respective ambitions: the sheer breadth of Joyce’s different abstract styles all describing the same day, as opposed to Wilde’s single voice refracted by six perspectives over the course of their lifetimes. Joyce explores empathy more realistically by capturing many different characters and trying to describe their thought processes through different writing styles, ending with what Woolf’s Brendan had been trying to capture: a thoroughly planned monologue with the illusion of spontaneity and realism. Woolf’s characters see the difficulty in capturing experiences in words, but the author herself captures the experience of perception through the innovation of six similar lives with subtly different perspectives, expressed in the same writing voice. Joyce’s method of describing individual thought emphasizes the difference between people through radically different writing styles, as seen in the difference between the strictly formatted ‘question and answer’ penultimate chapter, ‘Ithaca’, and the closing unstructured monologue from Molly. The perspective of the men leaves little room for vagueness or unanswered mysteries while ‘Penelope’ is restless and never-ending, always connecting to another thought or memory before finishing the sentence. The description of thought here captures it through sheer scope and variety, while making clear that description within the narrative cannot lead to a perfect connection through words by portraying fundamentally different perceptions. Woolf’s characters, however, despite having separate leitmotifs and preoccupations, are ultimately as connected as six aspects of the same personality, expressing a single perception of the world in some of Modernism’s most complex description. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Ulysses, James Joyce, ed. Jeri Johnson, Oxford University Press (2011) 2. The Waves, Virginia Woolf, Cambridge University Press (2011) 3. ‘Modern Novels (Joyce),’ Woolf’s Reading Notes on Ulysses in the Berg Collection, New York Public Library, transcribed by Suzette Henke, in Bonnie Scott Kime Scott, ed. The Gender of Modernism: A Critical Anthology (Bloomington, IN: Indiana UP, 1990) 642- 45 4.‘Joyce’s Female Voices in Ulysses’, Heather Cook Callow, ‘The Journal of Narrative Technique’, Vol.22, No.3 (1992) pp.151-163 5. ‘Transforming Musical Sounds into Words: Narrative Method in Virginia Woolf’s â€Å"The Waves†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, Elicia Clements, ‘Narrative’, Vol.13, No.2 (2005) pp.160-181 6. ‘Point of View in Virginia Woolf’s The Waves’, Robert O. Richardson, ‘Texas Studies in Literature and Language’, Vol.14, No.4 (1973) pp.691-709

How Other Facts Lead British - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1055 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: American Revolution Essay Did you like this example? During the 18th century, Britain was being in a very strong time. Their industry and technology developed rapidly, which helped their military to expand. Especially the navy, at that time, the advanced technology helps the British navy became the most powerful army in the whole world. As well as they also have a lot of colonies separate in the whole world, the support from outside source helped Britain develop. During that time American just a one of the British colony. their army cannot compare with the British army, and in most time they were protected by redcoat. And because they were the colony, their policy and social and economy trade were controlled by Britain. Therefore, the American actually didnt have power to against with British. However, the result of the American Revolution was beyond expectation. Even American without the help of France, between the British leaders, lacked unity and the right strategy, which reduced their military power. During that time the British force power was also influenced by chaos within the military. Plus they havent enough support in the colonies. Those facts also lead the British fail in the American revolutionary war. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Other Facts Lead British" essay for you Create order First, British believe that their forces can defeat any force in the world, and they have the right to believe that, but during the war, it makes their commanders often over-relax and leads their leader lacked unity and the right strategy, and make them belittle the enemy. John M. Taylor mentioned that University of Virginia historian Andrew OShaughnessy, after examining the factors that led to Britains defeat, he comes up with no single scapegoat. Britains defeat was a team effort(1..). The bad attitudes lead British commanders lost their victory. The battle of Yorktown is the best example to show British poor solidarity. Rachel McBrayer article record that during the battle of Yorktown Cornwallis lost a quarter of his army in the battle, leading him to abandon the backcountry of the Carolinas and move his army to Wilmington on the North Carolina coast to resupply and rest his troops. Cornwalliss unsanctioned decision to then march his army to Yorktown, Virginia, effectively hastened the end of the British Southern Strategy (2..). This battle during the American Revolution was important and it can directly influence the result of the American Revolutionary War. But from this battles, it obviously shows that the British did not skillfully change their plans. The leader also didnt have a good communication to design proper strategies. Cornwallis should communicate with other British generals when he made a plan. If they didnt have a comprehensive strategy, everything will be messed up. So, even their equipment and army are better than American force, but the fail group effort produced the bad strategies and ultimately lead British fail in the revolutionary war. Second, the power of British force was influenced by chaos within the military. During that time, Even the British has the most powerful military in the world, but their soldiers are chaotic and leader has corruption. So, during the war, the British army always with a terrible morale. First, The vulgarity of British soldiers came from that British allowed the informal soldier to join the army. Berkshire told a government minister that he held men condemned for highway robbery and horse stealing, but who were exceedingly proper fellows for either the Land or the Sea Service(3..). Then the bad moral of official corruption, for example, officers were not entitled to free rations while in garrison, but many made arrangements with the commissary agents to provide them, their families, and their friends with free food.(4..). There has recorded that Americans had been scandalized by the vulgarity of British soldiers, and they came to believe that success in the war depended on their individual moral character and that of their new nation (5..). The information proved that informal soldiers and corrupt officers had always existed and they had led to poor morale in the British army. Moreover, informal soldiers are less loyal than formal soldiers, and corrupt officials may make British soldiers uneasy, which lead a decline in soldiers loyalty to officers. If a states armed forces do not have a good morale, their military quality will decline, also the teamwork will be affected. According to the American thought ( the British soldiers did not have a good morality)at that time, if Britain continued to develop in this way, Britain could not succeed in the war. During the American Revolution, the British havent enough support from the colonies. First is the British refuse the support from royalists in colonies. And British military leader did not trust the royalists and preferred to rely on its own army. OShaughnessy indicates that the politicians and generals refused to make Loyalists equal participants in the war, insisting that American officers be subordinate to Britons of the same rank. (6..). Second is the tax policy has reduced American support for Britain, for example, the stamp tax, it has impacted all Americans, but in particular, it was taken as an offense by the merchants and lawyers; it angered everyone. Thereafter, riots broke out in several states(7..). The stamp tax dissatisfied the American. Those people who were oppressed by British unfair policy will not support the British anymore. British failed to utilize the Royalists of the whole colony because British did not fully trust them and they preferred to rely on their own troops. This reduces pressure of Royalist for Patriots. Then, due to British army lost their support in American, they will have more difficulty during the war. And the colonies were so vast. If the British did not have enough support from Royalists and American colonists, they will havent enough manpower to allow them to control the expansion of the Patriots and win any battle In conclusion, the British military surely has some problem during the American revolutionary war, and those problems affect the British force power. It is also clear that their leaders have not good unity and they didnt devise the tactics to suit them during the battle. Informal soldiers and corrupt officers led to moral chaos in the British army. The British also failed to utilize the Royalists of the whole colony and they have less support in America. According to those facts, the lack of solidarity, lack of moral and lack of support all impact the victory of Britain.

Essay on Katherine Mansfields Garden Party - 824 Words

Set in colonial New Zealand, The Garden Party falls into two clearly different parts. A lot of the story is about the preparations and the consequences of the garden party, it was organized by the daughters of the privileged Sheridan family. As dawn breaks, Laura goes into the Sheridans exquisite garden to inspect the proposed site for the marquee. Her encounter with three workers hired to raise the tent is awkward and confused, as she finds herself torn between being a snob and her developing sense of morality. This story is perceived as the difference between life and death, and can sometimes be portrayed in objects. (Death is symbolized by the broken cakes and dried-out leftover sandwiches Laura Sheridan carries to the house of†¦show more content†¦When Laura caught a glimpse of her self in her mirror after asking her mom about the party ¸ she starts to admire herself in the black hat she was wearing and the thought of the laborer faded farther and farther into the bac k of her mind. Laura’s family seems to be unappreciative of the laborers hard work, its seems to not bother any of the other family member but her. Laura’s moms can only think if the worker died in the garden or not. Her mother being stuck in her own world doesn’t dwell on that idea too much and still wants to go on with this party. The way Laura’s mother talks about the workers is really condescending like when her mother says ‘‘you wont bring a drunken workman back to life by being sentimental.’’ You can tell that laura is teeter tottering on which way she should lean towards. She doesn’t think that its okay to go through with the party and she is also stuck in her clouded rich world. When Laura is sent down to the laborers cottages she feels and is entirely over dressed. When she is down there she sees all of the half dressed children and she feels as if she is in an entirely different world. While she was walking through the cottages all eyes were on her and that is when she felt more over dressed than ever. When she arrived at the place she just wants to be in and out of there, she just wanted to leave the sandwiches. But when she is greeted by the manShow MoreRelatedSymbolism In Katherine Mansfields The Garden-Party1241 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story I choose from the book is called The Garden-Party by Katherine Mansfield. The story takes place in a rich family and they are ready to have a garden party; however, in the poorer neighborhood across the street, there is a young man just died in an accident, and when the youngest daughter Laura hears about that, she wants to cancel the party and show some respect to the poor family, but her mother and siste r think Laura’s idea is naive and unbelievable; a rich family like them doRead MoreKatherine Mansfields The Garden Party1617 Words   |  7 PagesThe way we think and act often changes as we grow up and go through different experiences. In her short story ‘The Garden Party’, Katherine Mansfield demonstrates the progression from childhood innocence to the experience and knowledge of adulthood. Through a background of Laura, and comparisons of her in the beginning, middle and end of the story, this essay will discuss how the protagonist’s perceptions of herself, others and the world around her change. In various sections of the story, MansfieldRead MoreAnalysis of Katherine Mansfields The Garden Party1526 Words   |  6 Pages1. In his analysis of Katherine Mansfields The Garden Party, Thomas Foster argues that Lauras trip to the impoverished lane at the bottom of the film is a symbolic trip to Hades, along the lines of Persephones trip from Greek myth. Fo ster claims that the descent signifies a kind of social and sexual maturing for Laura, because by the end of it she has matured, although into what is not exactly clear. Foster sees evidence for interpreting Lauras descent as a trip into Hades throughout the storyRead MoreTylistic Analysis of Katherine Mansfield’s Garden Party1002 Words   |  5 PagesStylistic Analysis of Katherine Mansfield’s Garden Party To better comprehend our course: Style in Fiction, I have selected a short story the Garden Party, so as to analyze in terms of styles. 1. About the writer and the story 1.1 About the writer Beforehand, I’d like to give a brief introduction of the short story’s writer Katherine Mansfield and the short story. Katherine was born in Wellington, New Zealand, into a middle-class colonial family in 1888. She studied at Queens CollegeRead MoreSymbolism In Katherine Mansfields The Garden Party855 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Garden Party† by Katherine Mansfield is a short story about a wealthy family having, as the title would suggest, a garden party. More specifically the story follows the inner turmoil of the youngest daughter, Laura. She has no choice but to see her family’s true colors when a poorer neighbor passes away. Laura’s family sees her as childish because of her kind nature but she receives a rude awakening that causes her to mature greatly at the end of the story. It appears that Laura has led a veryRead MoreA Journey into Self-Discovery in Araby by James Joyce and Katherine Mansfield’s, The Garden Party1281 Words   |  6 Pagesdreams. While living with his uncle and aunt, the main character acts a joyous presence in an otherwise depressing neighborhood. In Katherine Mansfield’s, The Garden Party, Mansfield’s depicts a young woman, Laura Sherridan, as she struggles through confusion, enlightenment, and the complication of class distinctions on her path to adulthood. Both James Joyce and Katherine Mansfield expertly use the literary elements of characterization to illustrate the journey of self-discovery while both main charactersRead MoreThe Effects of Parental Influence in Katherine Mansfield’s â€Å"the Garden Party, † and Witi Ihimaera’s â€Å"This Life Is Weary†1826 Words   |  8 Pages Mitch Tabian Jim Daems English 108 July 7, 2012 The Effects of Parental Influence in Katherine Mansfield’s â€Å"The Garden Party,† and Witi Ihimaera’s â€Å"This Life is Weary† Parenting and role models play an important part helping children grow into healthy adults. Children observe people in their environment and develop mannerisms according to their interactions. â€Å"The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree,† is an old, but accurate analogy regarding people and how they compare to their parents. ItRead MoreLife Of Ma Parker And Her First Ball1481 Words   |  6 PagesKatherine Mansfield’s work have allowed readers to gain an insight upon her modernist views and has impacted others through the messages being conveyed. Her short stories, Life of Ma Parker and Her First Ball have specifically delivered ideas in which are commonly experienced by readers in the modern society including the pressures of flourishing into adulthood and the impact of class and social status. Lorna Sage’s introduction in The Garden Party and Other Stories have additionally brought uponRead MoreIn Language, The Term ‘Conversation’ Is Understood As A1567 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscourse. Consequently assigning the meaningful role of conversation in the English language into an equally significant role in written literature. In Katherine Mansfield’s book of short stories The Garden Party (1922) the role that conversation plays is to provide reality within the idyllic narratives. In Katherine Mansfield s short story The Garden Party, conversation provides the stories fundamental theme of class division. The conversation is established through the characters dialogue, which createsRead MoreKatherine Mansfield s The Garden Party And The Doll s House Essay1954 Words   |  8 PagesHypothesis: Katherine Mansfield strongly emphasised prejudice and class distinction within her writing (The Garden Party and The Doll’s House) which was influenced from her upbringing and childhood Katherine Mansfield was a 1900’s modernist writer of short fiction who was born and raised in a socially prominent family in Wellington, New Zealand. Much of her work was strongly themed around issues such as classism, a woman s place in society, sexuality, adulthood and also grief. The central theme

Enterprise Planning and Implementation in ABB -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEnterprise Planning and Implementation in ABB Grains. Answer: Introduction The IT industry is one of the most important industries in any organization. This industry works closely and connects all other departments within an organization. As new technologies emerge, there have been major steps being made towards improving the Information and Communication Technology department. In the IT department we find the Information Systems (IS) and the Information Communication Technology which play an important role in any organization(Kaczorowska, Motyka and S?oniec, 2016). These two sectors work together within an organization towards managing the organizations investment in information technology thus helping it to reach and offer quality services to its customers. The information systems is usually applied in ensuring that the organization is able to store its data in a safe way for future reference. On the other hand, the information and communication technology is responsible for ensuring that the organization have the right software, programs as well as offer ing good networking facilities. Considering the importance of an organizations investment in the information technology, it is important to have the right methods, facilities and measures towards the investment. Executive Summary Among the organizations that have greatly been having problems with the improvement in technology and the information technology department is the ABB Grains. ABB Grain is one of the largest agribusinesses in Australia that was founded in the year of 1939. The main products of the company are the grains, wool, fertilizer, malt, chemicals, handling as well as storage services. The main focus of the company is on the accumulation of the grains and its marketing but the organization also focuses on other activities such as receiving as well as storage along with the malting of the grains. In the present time, the organization has a total of 1100 employees. Along with the Australia, the organization expanded their businesses in the New Zealand also. The company has had problems as it has been unable to implement new technology in the information technology department. This report was conducted to find out more about cloud computing, its advantages and why the ABB Grains Company should invest in it. The report addresses the cloud computing technology as the best solution for the problems it is facing. It also explains the process of going about it, what to expect and the after-implementation strategy. Having learnt about cloud computing, the general manager of the information technology department at ABB Grains asked me to conduct a research on this new method in the sector in the hope of lowering the expenses directed to the information technology. Descriptions and Justifications of the Solution Design Courtesy of the development in technology, today we have cloud computing. This remains one of the greatest computing services applied in the information technology departments (Hunter, 2009). Cloud computing may be defined as a services that is provided over the internet whereby information, resources and software can easily be sent to different computers and other devices when required. Through experience and research, cloud computing is of help to many organizations today. Most of the organizations that we consulted indicated that cloud computing had assisted them in avoiding many unnecessary costs especially those of purchasing infrastructure such as servers (Ratten, 2015). Some of the organizations also explained how the cloud computing technology had helped them in saving much time which actually would have been used in involvement with computer infrastructure but instead use that time to concentrate more on their main goals and objectives. We learnt how many organization had benefited from the enterprise resource planning that applied cloud computing technology (Kini and Basaviah, 2013). Most of these organizations had advantages in controlling their activities using software and latest applications as well as automating different functions that take place behind the office. Many organization praised the process and applications that they used for letting them track their production capacity, resources, cash, payroll and purchase orders. With the above in record, we were convinced beyond reasonable doubt that cloud computing technology would be the perfect solution for ABB Grains Company. Descriptions and Strategies of Customer Journey From the research made, it was realized that most of the organizations used the new technology in developing and improving the relationships with their customers. For instance through the use of cloud computing, these organizations were able to establish a close relationship with the customers as they would easily be able to express their concerns and ideas and have them addressed immediately (Kaczorowska, Motyka and S?oniec, 2016). At ABB Grains Company, we found that this strategy would really help in developing a better relationship with their customers. By introducing cloud computing technology, ABB Grains would ensure that they reach more customer for instance through social media platforms, websites and email marketing. Apart from these, it was identified that there was a way in which the company would reach their customers via their mobile phones by sending them short messages. These strategies would play a major role in improving the customers journey. Descriptions and Justifications of Information Architecture According to what was observed from other organizations, it was identified that cloud computing technology was offering a better structure of sharing information within the organizations. Cloud computing was observed to provide a good environment whereby individual companies used it to develop their websites, programs and software which they used in sharing data within different departments of the organization (Matende and Ogao, 2013). We identified that with this kind of technology being implemented at ABB Grains Company, it would gain immense benefits. In addition, we thought it would be necessary using this technology in organizing ABB Grains data so that the customers can easily understand our services. Technology Architecture Cloud computing technology has a great design which helps any organization to improve its services. The cloud computing technology architecture offers users with different methods, applications and software which are vital in reaching their customers as well as enhancing smooth running of all the departments within an organization. For ABB Grains Company to have a great cloud computing technology architecture, there required a number of things such as good computers, internet and information technology experts. Work Breakdowns and Work Package Decomposition Implementation of the cloud computing technology in ABB Grains Company would require co-operation and team work. The main jobs for the process of implementation would include; buying the necessary materials such as computers and internet cables, making way for optic cables within the company, connecting the computers and connecting the optic cable to different offices and departments. Some works would be packaged together and be done at the same and by the same people. For instance one would turn up the computers while trying to check whether the internet is working. Sequencing of Activities To implement cloud computing technology in ABB Grains Company we organized the main activities involved. First, the member of the future development team would be required to take part in finding of the equipment required for manual work which would easily be found in their homes. The organization through the manager of information technology department would then be required to provide the amount required to buy other equipment such as the computers, internet and optic cables (Meenaskhi and Chhibber, 2012). Once every equipment was available, we would get working whereby we would start connecting the optic cables. The process would require some manual work to move the cables all-round the company. After this, we would distribute the computers and the internet cables to every office and department, turn the computers and test to make sure all were working. Lastly, we would use the now available internet and computers to get the right applications and software to help the organization store its information safely and offer better services to its customers. Timelines To complete the above outlined work, about one week would be required. In the first two days, the members would look for the equipment from the region as others bring them from their homes. In the third day, the manager of the information technology department would provide the amount required and we would go to purchase the equipment required. We would start working in the fourth day whereby we would use the fourth up to the seventh day connecting the optic cables to all the departments and offices of the company. On the eighth day, we would distribute the computers and internet cables to the entire company. For the last two days, we would use the time to get the necessary software and applications to be used for data storage and sharing. Refine List of CSF For cloud computing technology to be successful at ABB Grains Company, a number of critical factors should be considered. First, the company should analyze its customers and the responses they would have made before. The technology should also be directed towards lowering the investment in the information technology department as well as reduction in general costs of products and services. All projects are prone to risks and therefore the company should have good strategies as to how they would counter and solve any risks (Ratten, 2015). Other critical success factors would include; sales volume, customer satisfaction, market share, diagnostic accuracy and attain order contentment excellence. Pre-implementation Plan and Strategies Before implementing the cloud computing technology, ABB Grains Company should ensure that it has learnt all the problems that their customers went through before so that they can be able to rectify them immediately they start using the new technology. The company should also ensure that it identifies the reasons which made it have a low production rate and use this information in increasing its productivity under the new technology. In spite of the strategy, the company should ensure it prepares some strategies just in case there is a risk that will get exposed later after implementation. Post-Implementation Plan and Strategies Once the implementation of the cloud computing technology has taken place, ABB Grains Company should ensure that it sets aside some experts who can continually research on the technology and improve it where necessary to help in improving the services delivered. The company should also have some resources set aside for the same so that the researches and getting more applications and software can be done easily. Conclusion It can be concluded that the cloud computing technology is being used by many organizations today. We also realized that using cloud computing allows the organizations many advantages which help them to compete effectively, increase their profits and offer quality services to their clients. The technology has also helped the organizations to reduce expenses in the information technology department as well as ensuring quicker time to market solutions for the clients. Recommendations As per the research conducted, I have no doubt recommending the ABB Grains to implement the usage of the cloud computing technology. If the organization implements the technology, it will be able to get more secure for its data, save time in service delivery, reduce expenses and get independence of having more sub-organizations all over the world. I would also recommend the company to have a better enterprise resource planning by the use of latest applications, software and cloud computing technology in general (Cioca and Ivascu, 2014). This will help it in tracking its resources thus ensuring that they are used in the intended ways. I would recommend the ABB Grains Company to improve its customer relationship management such that it will be able to get feedback and deliver services to their customer even those who are away from them. Cloud computing technology is known to offer a better customer relationship management with better features and capabilities. It does not mean that wearables will no longer be valued after the internet of things was introduced (IEEE Internet of Things Journal Information for Authors, 2015). However, I would recommend ABB Grains Company to focus more on the future than on the past. It would be healthier to have more of the internet of things and less of the wearables. Since most of the organizations that implemented cloud computing required about one year to get it working fully and smoothly, I would recommend the company to ensure that it starts the implementation process early. For this process to be successful, the organization should have a pre-implementation strategy whereby the organization should get all the required equipment such as modern computers and then have the work divided among different workers. It is also important for the managerial team in charge of the implementation to learn and understand the customer journey map, information and technology architecture. Lastly, the organization shoul d ensure that it have kept the right strategies to be used after implementation incase of any issues. References Cioca, L. and Ivascu, L. (2014). IT Technology Implications Analysis on the Occupational Risk: Cloud Computing Architecture.Procedia Technology, 16, pp.1548-1559. Hunter, P. (2009). Cloud aloud [cloud computing in enterprises].Engineering Technology, 4(16), pp.54-56. IEEE Internet of Things Journal Information for Authors. (2015).IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2(5), pp.C4-C4. Introduction: Communicating Information Architecture. (2015).Bulletin of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 41(5), pp.18-19. Kaczorowska, A., Motyka, S. and S?oniec, J. (2016). Methodical ICT Project Management.Journal of Economics and Management, 25, pp.14-29. Kini, R. and Basaviah, S. (2013). Critical Success Factors in the Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems in Small and Midsize Businesses.International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems, 9(1), pp.97-117. KrishnaRambol, R., Ahmad, N. and K. Sharma, B. (2012). Efficient Data Accessing through Heterogeneous ERP Solution.International Journal of Computer Applications, 53(6), pp.14-17. Manage customer service CRM-based technologies. (2014).Automation and Control in Technical Systems, (1.2). Matende, S. and Ogao, P. (2013). Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Implementation: A Case for User Participation.Procedia Technology, 9, pp.518-526. Meenaskhi, M. and Chhibber, A. (2012). An overview on cloud computing technology.International Journal of Advances in Computing and Information Technology, 1(2), pp.219-223. Monk, E. and Wagner, B. (2013).Concepts in enterprise resource planning. 1st ed. New York: Cengage Learning. nassar, B. (2015). The customer trust and customer commitment of e-customer relationship management: study at Jordan of mobile phone services.International Journal of Electronic Customer Relationship Management, 9(1), p.33. Ratten, V. (2015). Cloud Computing Technology Innovation Advances:.International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing, 5(1), pp.69-76. Sinisalo, J. and Karjaluoto, H. (2007). Mobile Customer Relationship Management: a communication perspective.International Journal of Electronic Customer Relationship Management, 1(3), p.242. van Fenema, P. (2005). Collaborative elasticity and breakdowns in high reliability organizations: contributions from distributed cognition and collective mind theory.Cognition, Technology Work, 7(2), pp.134-140.

The Negro Digs Up His Past Essay Example

The Negro Digs Up His Past Essay Freedom is a powerful word, embodying all of the yearnings of the human heart and soul, yet only those who have been deprived of freedom, and ultimately gained it through life-changing struggle, could ever fully realize its value.   The modern struggle for freedom is epitomized by the trials and tribulations of the African-American people as a whole.   Indeed, no better record of this struggle exists than the classic works of African-American literature, which stand as historic records, folklore, and a lasting lesson of both the exhilaration of freedom and the senseless human tragedy of slavery.   In this research, many of the pivotal works of African-American literature will be discussed in an effort to explore the compelling themes of slavery and freedom. African-American Literary Tradition, Slavery and Freedom When one takes a scholarly look at the African-American literary tradition, there is no truer statement than the finding that this literature not only existed because of the life-altering experiences of slavery and freedom losses but also in spite of it. Undoubtedly, slavery for the African-American, in addition to taking away all essences of freedom in any form, also created a new class of person- in becoming a slave, the African-American instantly became a member of a class which was seen as not only much less than human, but also irrelevant to the whole of â€Å"civilized society† beyond the value of the products of the labor that they produced as enslaved individuals (Favor).   This, basically considered as a loss of class freedom, inspired many of the literary figures of the time to put forth many volumes which dispelled the notion of class deprivation by showing that before their days of slavery, African- Americans already had a well-established culture, complete with religious traditions, folk songs, legends that were handed down from generation to generation and the like (Gates).   One of the major obstacles to overcome was the fact that this cultural tradition was largely an oral one, with the tales, songs and les sons being passed from person to person and generation to generation via the spoken word.   However, slavery changed all of that- when African-Americans were relegated to a farm of plantation for the balance of their lives, this isolation made it a distinct possibility that oral traditions could not be shared beyond the borders of the property upon which they were forced to work (Gates).   Therefore, a form of written history was born, whereby African-Americans were able to commit their recollections to paper- also, the birth of the African-American literary tradition. We will write a custom essay sample on The Negro Digs Up His Past specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Negro Digs Up His Past specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Negro Digs Up His Past specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Through the literary medium, a proud history was able to be shared, despite the restrictions that slaves faced on a daily, and in many cases lifelong basis.   This history was also, at this time however, being influenced by   current events.   The centerpiece of the foundations of African-American literature was the idea, pathetic as it may be, that for all of the praises of freedom, and the value that Americans placed on it, these same people were involved in the ownership of other human beings for their own gain.   In a sense, these people were given a high level of freedom at the expense of the freedom of an entire race of people (Prahlad). What remained to be done was for not only slavery to be erased from the American landscape, but also for freedom to be achieved for African-Americans once and for all.   However, in retrospect, this would prove to be easier said than done. Freedom Granted? Eventually, African-Americans were released from the bonds of slavery, but not until a bloody civil war was fought, nearly bringing the United States to destruction and dividing the young nation on the issue of slavery (Favor).   Although this was an important milestone in the advancement of African-Americans toward the ideal of equality, freedom, which is to say true freedom, still remained elusive.   In â€Å"The Souls of Black Folk†, W.E.B. Dubois made a very important point that draws an important distinction between the demise of slavery and the achievement of true freedom.   When slavery was taken away as a matter of federal mandate, the assertion that African-Americans were â€Å"free† was put on paper and glibly stated by government officials and the American majority, seemingly giving those who previously were guilty of keeping slaves a sort of absolution from the sins of the past.   However, this process of redemption was not fully complete in the true st sense of freedom, as the plague of racism soon took the place of slavery as a means of holding back African-Americans from the achievement of their full equality. Scholars Attempt to Right the Wrongs of the Past With the emergences of the ugliness of racism taking the place of slavery in America after the Civil War, a new obstacle to African-American freedom in its pure form began to take shape.   Therefore, it was clear that for African-Americans, something needed to be done in order to conquer racism and allow for freedom to ring at the same level of volume for all Americans, regardless of race.   One of the most formidable obstacles to this possibility was organized hate groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, which gained large acceptance by white supremacists around the turn of the 20th century (Locke). Literature, it can fairly be said, came to the rescue of the oppressed African-Americans in some ways.   Through literature, it was realized that African-Americans had a proud tradition before slavery, and indeed, would be able to build a wonderful new future (Bowser).   How this future would unfold, however, would have to be pondered by other literary figures. Schomberg Links the Past and Present The past and the present of African-Americans, as research has indicated thus far, are unchangeably intertwined, for without the deprivations of earlier generations of African-Americans, the fire would not have been ignited to ultimately abolish the practice of slavery in the modern era.   This link of past and present, conversion of slavery to freedom, and the rebirth of the possibility of equal opportunity for African-Americans is embodied in the writings of one author above all others- Arthur A. Schomberg.   In his classic essay, â€Å"The Negro Digs Up His Past†, Schomberg lays out both the history of the practice of slavery which took every freedom away from the African-American, and the abolition of slavery which did not instantly restore completely equal opportunity and livelihood to former slaves, but rather, made it possible for these people to take the availability of freedom and mould it into a new beginning for an entire race of people. How Schomberg wrote his essay, which is to say the arguments that he makes within the text of the essay, logically constructs an explanation of not only what slavery’s demise does for the future of African-Americans, but also why the horrible past of those who had to live as slaves is extremely important, akin to those who cannot learn from history being doomed to repeat it.   First, Schomberg makes the assertion that while other groups of people have the luxury of being able to assimilate into a new life in the United States, regardless of their past, the African-American has no such luxury (Schomberg).   The reason for this, Schomberg goes on to explain, â€Å"For him (the freed slave), a group tradition must supply compensation for persecution, and pride of race the antidote for prejudice. History must restore what slavery took away, for it is the social damage of slavery that the present generations must repair and offset. So among the rising democratic millions we find the Negro thinking more collectively, more retrospectively than the rest, and apt out of the very pressure of the present to become the most enthusiastic antiquarian of them all† (Schomberg, p. 1). What is meant by this text is that African-Americans who underwent the oppression of slavery must always remember the journey of the struggle that led them to a nation without slavery where before it prospered.   By doing this, considering that Schomberg’s essay was written in the time that saw the generation that experienced slavery first hand standing at the threshold of passing to the next generation not only a relation of their experiences, but also a sense of tradition which says that the next generation inherits not only this history of those of their race who lived under, and then lived without slave status, but also the chance, and obligation, to move forward as keepers of the history of the past, but also as shapers and caretakers of the future. Schomberg does not simply make empty claims that African-Americans should strive to new levels of greatness and freedom simply because in the past they were not free.   Rather, he cites a history of the race which shows that slavery did not define the entire negro race, but was an injustice waged on a people who could count among themselves many outstanding individuals from many walks of life.   To quote Schomberg, he wrote this about the value of African-Americans beyond menial slave labor: â€Å"But weightier surely than evidence of individual talent and scholarship could ever be, is the evidence of important collaboration and significant pioneer initiative in social service and reform, in the efforts toward race emancipation, colonization and race betterment. From neglected and rust-spotted pages comes testimony to the black men and women who stood shoulder to shoulder in courage and zeal, and often on a parity of intelligence and public talent, with their notable white benefactors† (Schomberg, p.2). Finally, Schomberg makes it abundantly clear that African-Americans played a pivotal role in the effort to crush slavery and took up the fight for abolition, rather than simply being prisoners waiting for a merciful end to their bondage when slave owners simply felt that it was an admirable thing to cease the ownership, use and trade of African-American slaves.   By making this important point, Schomberg proves that not only are African-Americans worthy of equality and freedom, but also that they this worthiness came in large part due to their own perseverance and efforts to aid in the goal of their own freedom. Conclusion In recent times, the saying that â€Å"freedom isn’t free† has casually passed from the lips of those in favor of the war waged by the United States against terrorism and international crime.   What many of the people who use the slogan do not realize is that the concept of true freedom is in fact quite costly.   This has been illustrated in this research- by discussing the past trials and tribulations of African-Americans, including the humiliation and deprivation brought about by slavery, one very important point have been made.   That point is that freedom can be highly elusive, and even a promise of freedom means little without decisive action to make the freedom a reality.   With the help of the pioneers of African-American literature, who built upon the fascinating oral histories of their past, an entire race of oppressed people has been given a chance to be truly free.   While African-Americans still face racism and discrimination in many instances, the progress that has been made since the abolition of slavery is a tribute to the strength of the spirit and resolve of all people to enjoy real freedom.

Profile of Gangster John Dapper Don Gotti

Profile of Gangster John 'Dapper Don' Gotti The following is a profile of John Gotti, the former godfather of the powerful Gambino family. Born: October 27, 1940, in Bronx, New York Childhood Years At the age of 12, his family moved to a rough part of Brooklyn, New York.Gotti dropped out of school in the eighth grade and began his full-time involvement in street gangs and petty crimes. 1960 - 1969 In his mid-twenties, he became associated with the Gambino Family and became close to Underboss Aniello Dellacroce. Gottis specialty at that time was hijacking freight trucks at Kennedy Airport.On March 6, 1962, Gotti married Victoria DiGiorgio, by whom he had five children: Angela (born 1961), Victoria, John, Frank and Peter.In 1969, he was sentenced to three years in prison for hijacking. 1970 - 1979 In 1973, he participated in the killing of James McBratney. McBratney was one of three kidnappers and murderers of Manny Gambino, nephew to Carlo Gambino.John Gotti was convicted of the murder and sentenced to seven years in prison, two of which he served before being released.Once out of prison, Gotti moved quickly up the ranks, for his part in the McBratney murder. During that same time, dying Carlo Gambino appointed Paul Castellano as his successor.Now a capo, Gottis loyalty laid with his mentor, Neil Dellacroce, and it was well known the Gotti felt Gambino should have appointed Dellacroce as his successor and not Castellano.Around 1978, Gotti was named a capo and continued to work in top ranks under Dellacroce. 1980 - 1989 Personal disaster struck the Gotti home. John Favara, a friend and neighbor, ran over and killed Gottis 12-year old son, Frank. The incident was deemed an accident. Four months later, Favara vanished, never to be seen again.In February 1985, Castellano and five Family bosses were indicted in the Commission Case. Castellano was also was faced with the news that his mansion was wiretapped and conversations were overheard which resulted in some of Gottis crew getting indicted for narcotic trafficking.During that same time, Castellano gave Thomas Bilotti the capo position, which put him and Gotti on the same level. It was said that once Dellacroce died, Bilotti would be named Underboss, putting him in the position of Godfather in the event Castellano went to prison.Faced with the prospect of life in prison, many worried Castellano might turn coat.In December 1985, Dellacroce died of cancer. Two weeks later Castellano and Bilotti were shot to death in Manhattan. Gotti Becomes Godfather of the Gambino Family With Castellano, Bilotti and Dellacroce all gone, Gotti took control of the largest Mafia family in the nation, setting up his headquarters at the Ravenite Social Club.In 1986, Gotti was charged with racketeering but managed to elude prosecution.Over the next few years, Gotti became a media hound. He paraded in his expensive suits and coats for the media, who always seemed to be there ready to take his picture.The press nicknamed him Dapper Don because of his charismatic charm and good looks, and Teflon Don because charges against him never seemed to stick.Gotti demanded that the Family capos and soldiers come to the Ravenite to show their respect to him. This compromised many of them by exposing them to television coverage, a fact that late came back to haunt some of them. Gottis Downfall Begins After bugging the Ravenite Social Club, the FBI eventually managed to get an RICO (Racketeer-Influenced Corrupt Organization Act of 1970)Â  case against him because of over 100 hours of tape that implicated him and others in racketeering schemes.Underboss, Sammy the Bull Gravano, after hearing Gotti saying derogatory things about him, turned coat and partnered with the government to testify against Gotti.Gravano confessed to 19 murders but received complete immunity for his testimony against John Gotti. His nickname Sammy the Bull then changed to Sammy the Rat. Gravano was given only a five-year sentence and then entered the Witness Protection Program.Gotti and several associates were arrested in 1990. Gotti was convicted by a jury in the United States District Court in New York on April 2, 1992, for 14 counts of murder, conspiracy to commit murder, loan sharking, racketeering, obstruction of justice, illegal gambling, and tax evasion. John Gotti Jr. was acting boss for Gotti while he was in prison. Gottis Prison Years His time in prison was not easy. He was sent to an older federal penitentiary at Marion, Illinois, where he was kept in a solitary-confinement cell 23 hours a day for nine years.June 10, 2002, after battling cancer for several years, John Gotti died at the United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri.A large funeral was held in New York City, where many members of the Gambino Crime Family came to pay their final respects to their fallen leader. The Aftermath It is said that John Gotti, Jr. is now the head of the Gambino Crime Family.

Trifles Dead Bird Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trifles Dead Bird - Essay Example Mrs. Peters points to a broken jar that the author refers to as preserves. From this, the sheriff wonders how a woman can worry about her preserves while she is facing murder charges. The sheriff, from this statement implies that there are certain things that only a woman needs to worry about. The preserves symbolize anything that women worry about more than men. At some point, the women also commented on the tidiness of the house. Well, men in the society from this play do not pay attention to such things and are always complaining of a messy house (Glaspell, 202). Mrs. Wright’s husband seemed to displease her. The mistakes her husband made, ‘trifles’ were considered among the reasons for her wanting to kill her husband. On another instance, the author expresses her belief that on marriage, a woman loses her identity, and becomes what her husband is. This is seen in the play when the County attorney says that a sheriff’s wife is married to the law. The sheriff’s wife is Mrs. Peters. Mrs. Wright is described as jovial and one who loves to wear colorful clothing. However, on marriage she becomes the opposite. The untidy state of her house is reflected to her husband. In the play, the ladies also share a belief with the men that they are of little importance. It is also observed from the play that women did not share trivial issues with the men. The men did not see value in whatever opinions they held. The women thought that if they shared their thoughts with the men they would be laughed at. They also considered their opinions as trifles. On the search for evidence, the women discussed minor issues that would collect up to substantial evidence. The men, however, were looking for a major piece of evidence since they considered the minor pieces as trifles. The women even had doubts that the trifles would solve the crime due to the little value put on them by the men. The fact that Mrs.